By studying tiny bits of matter called atoms, you can figure out why chemicals do what they do – some explode when they touch water (like cesium), while other just sit there for years (like a twinkie). Some chemicals are particularly nasty, like sodium (which explodes on contact with water) and chlorine (which is lethal). but when you combine these two together, you get table salt. So what gives?

Soon you’ll be able to explain everyday things, like why baking soda and vinegar bubble, why only certain chemicals grow crystals, what fire really is made of, how to transform copper into gold, and how to make cold light. Once you wrap your head around these basic chemistry ideas (like acids, polymers, and kinetics), you can make better choices about the products you use everyday like pain relievers, cold compresses, and getting a loaf of bread to rise. Are your ready? This video will get you started with your lesson in molecules:

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Special Science Teleclass: Chemistry
This is a recording of a recent live teleclass I did with thousands of kids from all over the world. I’ve included it here so you can participate and learn, too! (Click here if you’re looking for the more recent version that also includes Chemical Engineering.) When you think of slime, do you imagine slugs, …
Mystifying Superconductor Roller Coaster
When I was in 10th grade, my teammate and I designed what we thought was pretty clever: a superconductor roller coaster, which we imagined would float effortlessly above its magnetic track. Of course, our roller coaster was only designed on paper, because yttrium barium copper oxide ceramics had only just been discovered by top scientists. …
How to Not Burn Your Eyeballs and Lose Your Fingers
Chemical Data & Safe Handling Information Sheet What do I really need to know first? First of all, the chemicals in this set should be stored out of reach of pets and children. Grab the chemicals right now and stuff them in a safe place where accidents can’t happen. Do this NOW! When you’re done …
Hidden Carbon Dioxide
If you’ve ever burped, you know that it’s a lot easier to do after chugging an entire soda. Now why is that? Soda is loaded with gas bubbles — carbon dioxide (CO2), to be specific. And at standard temperature (68oF) and pressure (14.7 psi), carbon dioxide is a gas. However, if you burped in Antarctica …
Can Fish Drown?
If you’ve ever owned a fish tank, you know that you need a filter with a pump. Other than cleaning out the fish poop, why else do you need a filter? (Hint: think about a glass of water next to your bed. Does it taste different the next day?) There are tiny air bubbles trapped …
Acids & Bases
If you had a choice between a glass of lemon juice or apple juice, most folks would pick the sweeter one – apple. Did you know that apples are loaded with malic acid, and are actually considered to be acidic? It’s just that there is so much more sugar in an apple than a lemon …
Cobalt Colors
Cobalt chloride (CoCl2) has a dramatic color change when combined with water, making it a great water indicator. A concentrated solution of cobalt chloride is red at room temperature, blue when heated, and pale-to-clear when frozen. The cobalt chloride we’re using is actually cobalt chloride hexahydrate, which means that each CoCl2 molecule also has six …
Bread Chemistry
I have tried for years to make whole wheat bread from scratch, but my loaves usually wound up as hockey pucks or door stops. Although my house always smelled great, my family could never choke down the crumbs of my latest creation. That’s when I enrolled in a bread-making class. Guess what I found out?
Chemical Matrix of Acids & Bases
If you love the idea of mixing up chemicals and dream of having your own mad science lab one day, this one is for you. You are going to mix up each solid with each liquid in a chemical matrix. In a university class, one of the first things you learn in chemistry is the …
What happens to helium when you chill it?
When you chill helium, nothing changes until it gets extremely cold. It remains a gas until it reaches a temperature below 5 Kelvin (-267.960 Celsius, -450.3280 Fahrenheit) at a pressure of 2.24 atm (227kPa). 1908 Heike Onnes cooled helium to below 5 Kelvin. At this temperature helium turns into a liquid. He could not solidify it by …
Electrolysis
If you guessed that this has to do with electricity and chemistry, you’re right! But you might wonder how they work together. Back in 1800, William Nicholson and Johann Ritter were the first ones to split water into hydrogen and oxygen using electrolysis.
Cool Blue Light Chemiluminescence Experiment
Glow sticks generate light with very little heat, just like the glow you see from fireflies, jellyfish, and a few species of fungi. Chemiluminescence means light that comes from a chemical reaction. When this happens in animals and plants, it’s called bioluminescence. In a glow stick, when you bend it to activate it, you’re breaking …