In this lesson we will go over integumentary, skeletal, and muscular systems. We will begin with a general overview of the body and then spend a section on each system. Be sure to check your understanding with the review questions, and to check out the fun experiments and activities at the end of the unit!

The first section describes how the organization of the body helps maintain the normal state—homeostasis. Here we will see that the body is made up of millions of cells. Those cells are organized into tissues. Two or more tissues helping perform the same function is called an organ. We will also see the four main types of tissues.

The second section deals with our largest organ—our skin—as well as our hair and nails. These three together are called the integumentary system. We will see the main functions of our skin, hair, and nails, as well as what they’re made out of. We will also see how to take care of our integumentary system—and what happens if we don’t.

Are bones the only thing that makes up our skeletal system? Find out in the third section: the skeletal system. Here see what bones are made of, what they do, and how to keep them healthy as well.

It’s always good to have a strong finish—so we end with muscles! How do they do what they do? What are they made of? What would an absurdly muscular man look like? All of these questions and more are answered in this section.

By the end you will have a whole new vocabulary and a whole new—and detailed—way to look at the human body.

Select a Lesson

Robotic Hand
Your body moves when muscles pull on the bones through ligaments and tendons. Ligaments attach the bones to other bones, and the tendons attach the bones to the muscles. If you place your relaxed arm on a table, palm-side up, you can get the fingers to move by pushing on the tendons below your wrist. …
Chemical Fingerprinting
Did you know that the patterns on the tips of your fingers are unique? It’s true! Just like no two snowflakes are alike, no two people have the same set of fingerprints. In this experiment, you will be using a chemical reaction to generate your own set of blood-red prints.
Detective Boxes
In addition to looking pretty neat with all those loops and whirls, your fingertips are great at multitasking. The skin on them has a ton of receptors that help us to gather a lot of information about our environment such as texture, movement, pressure, and temperature. This experiment will test your ability to determine textures …
Detecting Temperature Changes
This experiment has two parts. For the first half, you will mix two chemicals that will produce heat and gas. The temperature receptors in your skin will be able to detect the heat. Your ears will detect the gas at it vibrates and escapes its container. In the second portion you will demonstrate a characteristic …
Rubber Eggs
This lab has two parts. First, you will learn a bit about how specific chemicals react in a specific manner. And next, you will learn a bit of biology: the structure of bird bones and the minerals that compose them.
Foggy Hands
Skin has another function that it vital to your survival: temperature regulation. Being exposed to high temperatures causes your skin’s pores to open up and release sweat onto your body. This helps cool us off by the resulting process of evaporation. Your pores will close in extremely cold temperatures. Also, the body stops blood flowing …
Finger Thermometers
Your fingers have receptors which perform various jobs. In addition to touch, they can detect pressure, texture, and other physical stimuli.  One specialized type of receptors is called Ruffini’s receptors. They are good at identifying changes in pressure and temperature. In this experiment, we will test their ability to distinguish between hot and cold temperatures. …
Cooling and Heating
In this experiment, we will continue to explore Ruffini’s endings in your skin. We also look at your body’s ability to detect temperature and regulate its own temperature. You will study how the body cools and warms itself.
Tricking your Muscles
The muscles in your body allow you to move. In this lab we will do two quick experiments to explore how your muscles work.
Testing Muscle Strength
Some groups of muscles are stronger than others because each group is designed for a different and specific function. It just makes sense that the muscle groups in our legs would need to be stronger than the ones in our toes. For this experiment, you will use a bathroom scale to test the strength of …
Inside Bones
The skeleton is your body’s internal supporting structure. It holds everything together. In addition to providing support, bones act as shock absorbers when you jump, fall, and run. Bones have big responsibilities and so they must be really strong. They also need to be arranged properly for the best support and shock absorption. In this …
What are Bones?
Bones are made up of several parts; bone marrow (red and yellow), spongy bone, compact bone, and the periosteum. Bone marrow makes blood cells. Red blood cells are made in the red marrow, while white blood cells are made in the yellow marrow. When babies are born they only have red marrow. Spongy bone is …
Tendon Reflex
Involuntary responses are ones that you can’t control, but they are usually in place to help with survival. One good example is when you touch something hot. Your hand does not take the time to send a message to your brain and then have the brain tell your hand to pull away. By then, your …
Detecting Plaque
The buildup of things like food and bacteria where your gums and teeth meet, and also between your teeth, is called plaque. Where plaque lives is also where the bacteria turns the sugar in your mouth into harmful acids that attack your teeth’s enamel and can lead to gum disease. Regular brushing is a great …
How to Avoid the Dentist
Digestion involves the breakdown of what we consume into nutrients. The first step is mechanical digestion—chewing. After we mechanically break down the food with our teeth, we begin chemical digestion. Teeth are small structures found in the mouths of vertebrates. They are calcified, meaning that they contain the element calcium, and are very distinctive based …