Today we will investigate the reducing power of orange.
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C3000 Experiment: 156, 157
Materials:
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Today we will be investigating potassium hexacyanoferrate as a detection agent for metals, specifically iron.
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C3000 Experiment: 15, 16, 17, 18
Materials:
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Welcome! Today we will be discussing tips on setting up your work station, and going over the contents in your chemistry kit.
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C3000 Experiment: Introduction Part 1
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Today we will be gathering items needed that are not provided in the kit.
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C3000 Experiment: Introduction Part 2
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Today we will learn another separation technique and how to use silver nitrate to detect chloride in a solution.
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C3000 Experiment: 19, 20, 21
Materials:
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Today we will be synthesizing and analyzing copper sulfate.
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C3000 Experiment: 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
Materials:
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Today we will be diluting and preparing solutions.
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C3000 Experiment: Introduction Part 3
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Today we will be covering part 1 of the phases of water.
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C3000 Experiment: 23, 24, 25
Materials:
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Today we will be covering part 2 of the phases of water, and learning about distillation.
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C3000 Experiment: 26, 27, 28, 29
Materials:
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Today we will be investigating how to purify water.
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C3000 Experiment: 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44
Materials:
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Today we will investigate crystallization through cooling and how it can be used as a separation and purification technique.
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C3000 Experiment: 30
Materials:
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Today we will investigate how to split water molecules with electricity in a process known as electrolysis.
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C3000 Experiment: 45
Materials:
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Today we will investigate air pressure and gases.
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C3000 Experiment: 46, 47, 48, 49, 50
Materials:
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Today we will be investigating potassium permanganate.
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C3000 Experiment: 72, 73, 74
Materials:
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Today we will be studying combustion.
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C3000 Experiment: 63, 64, 65, 66, 67
Materials:
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Today we will produce hydrogen gas from magnesium and aluminum.
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C3000 Experiment: 53, 55, 56
Materials:
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Today we will study calcium hydroxide and how it can used as a reagent.
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C3000 Experiment: 60, 61, 62
Materials:
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Today we will learn about polishing silver.
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C3000 Experiment: 189, 190, 191
Materials:
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Today we will be investigating potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide.
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C3000 Experiment: 90, 91, 92
Materials:
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Today we will investigate how potassium iodide can be used as a catalyst.
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C3000 Experiment: 89
Materials:
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Today we will be studying activated charcoal.
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C3000 Experiment: 84, 85
Materials:
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Today we will be studying how hydrogen peroxide decomposes through heavy metals.
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C3000 Experiment: 86, 87, 88
Materials:
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Today we will be producing hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide gases.
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C3000 Experiment: 187, 188
Materials:
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Today we will compare sodium carbonate (also known as soda), and sodium bicarbonate (which is known as baking soda).
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C3000 Experiment: 220, 221, 222
Materials:
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Today we will be investing the alkaline earth metal: Magnesium.
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C3000 Experiment: 234, 235, 236, 237
Materials:
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Today we will be covering part 1 in our investigation into copper.
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C3000 Experiment: 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257
Materials:
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Today we will be continuing our investigation of hydrogen chloride.
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C3000 Experiment: 111, 112, 113, 114, 115
Materials:
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Today we will be covering part 2 of our investigation of whether electrolytes conduct or don’t conduct electricity.
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C3000 Experiment: 102, 103
Materials:
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Today we will be investigating hydrogen chloride.
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C3000 Experiment: 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110
Materials:
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Today we will cover part 1 of our chlorine investigation.
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C3000 Experiment: 117, 118
Materials:
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Today we will be producing and analyzing a solution of hydrogen bromide.
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C3000 Experiment: 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133
Materials:
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Today we will be doing part 1 of our investigation into electrolytes and discovering whether they are conductors or non-conductors.
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C3000 Experiment: 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101
Materials:
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Today we will be caovering part 2 of our investigation into chlorine.
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C3000 Experiment: 119, 120, 121
Materials:
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Today we will be investigation iodine.
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C3000 Experiment: 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140
Materials:
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Today we will be covering part 2 of utilizing silver nitrate as a reagent.
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C3000 Experiment: 124, 125, 126, 127
Materials:
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Today we will be learning about the starch iodine complex
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C3000 Experiment: 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146
Materials:
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Today we will be learning about redox reactions.
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C3000 Experiment: 147, 148, 149
Materials:
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Today we will witness the appearance and disappearance of a specter in our lab, and learn the chistry behind it.
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C3000 Experiment: 150, 151, 152, 153
Materials:
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Today we will be
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C3000 Experiment:
Materials:
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Today we will be
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C3000 Experiment: 158, 159
Materials:
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Today we will be investigation potassium permanganate and its role as an oxidizer.
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C3000 Experiment: 154, 155
Materials:
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Today we will be performing electrochemical analysis of metals.
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C3000 Experiment: 160, 161
Materials:
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Today we will be learning about galvanic cells.
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C3000 Experiment: 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168
Materials:
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Today we will be investigating acids and bases using litmus solutions.
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C3000 Experiment: 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174
Materials:
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Today we will be investigating copper salts.
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C3000 Experiment: 179, 180, 181
Materials:
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Today we will be studying acidic and basic salts.
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C3000 Experiment: 175, 176
Materials:
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Today we will be investigating titration.
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C3000 Experiment: 177, 178
Materials:
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Today we will be learning about the desiccate calcium chloride.
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C3000 Experiment: 182,183
Materials:
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Today we will be learning about water of crystallization and the important role it play in the crystalline structure of molecules.
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C3000 Experiment: 184, 185, 186
Materials:
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Today we will be investigating sulfur sulfates, more commonly known as thiosulfates.
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C3000 Experiment: 197, 198
Materials:
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Today we will be investigating acid rain.
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C3000 Experiment: 192, 193
Materials:
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Today we will investigate the reducing effect of sodium thiosulfate.
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C3000 Experiment: 199, 200
Materials:
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C3000 Experiment: 135
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Materials:
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Today we will be investigating ammonia.
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C3000 Experiment: 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207
Materials:
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Today we will be setting up a carbon dioxide generator and studying carbon dioxide
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C3000 Experiment: 211, 212, 213, 214, 215
Materials:
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Today we will be learning about mineral water.
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C3000 Experiment: 216, 217, 218, 219
Materials:
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Today we will be creating a carbon dioxide fountain and a carbon dioxide furnace.
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C3000 Experiment: 224, 225, 226
Materials:
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Today we will be experimenting with aluminum.
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C3000 Experiment: 238, 239, 240, 241, 242
Materials:
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Today we will learn how to identify certain chemicals by how they burn.
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C3000 Experiment: 231, 232, 233
Materials:
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Today we will be working with the transition metal zinc.
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C3000 Experiment: 243, 244, 245, 246, 247
Materials:
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Today we will be investigating iron
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C3000 Experiment: 248, 249, 250, 251
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Today we will be covering part 2 in our investigation of copper.
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C3000 Experiment: 258
Materials:
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Today we will be investigating silver.
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C3000 Experiment: 259, 260, 261, 262, 263
Materials:
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Today we will be learning about polar and non-polar compounds.
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C3000 Experiment: 284, 285, 286, 287
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Today we will investigate hydrocarbons, molecules made up on hydrogen and carbons.
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C3000 Experiment: 268, 269
Materials:
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Today we will utilize the Bayer test to detect unsaturated fatty acids.
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C3000 Experiment: 288
Materials:
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Today we will be investigating hydrogen and halogens and how halogens can replace hydrogens in molecular compounds.
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C3000 Experiment: 266, 267
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Today we will be splitting molecules.
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C3000 Experiment: 271, 272
Materials:
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Today we will prepare acidic ester, which is found in glue, and gives off a fruity touch to soft drinks and candies.
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C3000 Experiment: 281, 282, 283
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C3000 Experiment: 270
Materials:
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Today we will be learning how soap is prepared from fats
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C3000 Experiment: 289, 290
Materials:
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Today we will investigate the effect of hard water on different types of soaps.
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C3000 Experiment: 291, 292, 293, 294
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Today we will determine the effect of acid on soaps.
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C3000 Experiment: 295, 296
Materials:
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Today we will be testing starch’s ability to reduce Fehling solution.
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C3000 Experiment: 316, 317
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Today we will be investigating starch in its soluble and insoluble forms.
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C3000 Experiment: 312, 313, 314, 315
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Today we will be creating a mirror inside of a test tube.
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C3000 Experiment: 308, 309, 311
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Today we will be utilizing the Fehling’s test to detect sugars.
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C3000 Experiment: 304, 305, 306, 310
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Today we will be learning about surfactants.
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C3000 Experiment: 294, 298, 299, 300, 301
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Today we will be working with glucose
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C3000 Experiment: 307
Materials:
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Today we will begin our investigation in proteins.
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C3000 Experiment: 321, 322, 323, 324, 325
Materials:
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Today we will be utilizing the biuret reaction to detect proteins in various foods.
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C3000 Experiment: 326, 327, 328, 329, 330
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C3000 Experiment: 331, 332, 333
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Today we will investigate how mixtures can be separated.
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C3000 Experiment:
Materials:
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This experiment is for advanced students.
Sparks flying off in all directions…that’s fun. In this lab, we will show how easy it is to produce those shooting sparks. In a sparkler you buy at the store, the filings used are either iron or aluminum.
The filings are placed in a mixture that, when dry, adheres to the metal rod or stick that is used in making the sparkler. The different colors are created by adding different powdered chemicals to the mixture before it dries. When they burn, we get red, blue, white, and green.
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Materials:
It’s tempting to use a handful of filings to produce a literal shower of sparks. The effect is actually better with small amounts. To accomplish anything with a large pile of filings would require you to blow REALLY hard to make a filing cloud that will combust well. A larger reaction means more sparks flying around. The amount of filings recommended in the lab is a safe amount. Increasing the amount used increases the danger. You could take an interesting, fun, and safe lab and transform it into something that burns the hair off your arms. Besides, burning hair doesn’t smell good.
Here’s what’s going on in this experiment:
Iron + Oxygen –> Iron Oxide
Iron and Oxygen are burned to produce Iron Oxide
This is the balanced chemical equation: 2Fe + O2 –> 2FeO
Download Student Worksheet & Exercises
Handling iron filings is not dangerous. Minor things that can occur, such as: Iron filings can stain your skin gray; if there is a large filing in your container, rubbing your finger against it could give you a painful splinter.
Return unused filings to your container. Any surface these filings touch turns gray, so keep your filings corralled. Cleaning your work surface with a wet paper towel is the easiest way to clean up.
Discard any unburned iron powder that is coating the area around your alcohol burner into a trash container outside. It is not toxic, but still….don’t use chemicals or experiment residue as a snack. Never a good idea.
What is going on here? When you build a campfire at the campground, why doesn’t the grill spark and burn up? The grill is iron, the filings are iron, and there is always oxygen available in the air. What’s the deal here? Combustion needs two things, fuel and fire. Not enough of either and nothing will burn. But a woodstove is made up of a lot more iron by weight than that little scoop of filings. It has to do with surface area. Take an equal weight of solid iron and iron filings. Put a match to the solid iron and all it gets is hot. Blow the same weight of iron filings into the flame and POOF! The key is surface area. Surface area can affect the way a chemical reaction occurs, and in this case, whether or not it occurs at all.
To better understand the effect of surface area, eat some candy! Put a whole Lifesaver candy in your mouth. Suck, move your tongue all over it, swish it back and forth in your mouth. You are not allowed to bite or swallow it. How long does it take to completely dissolve? Do the same thing with another Lifesaver broken into pieces. Which dissolved faster? The same thing happens with the iron. The smaller the pieces, the easier it is for the iron to burn. When you blew iron filings into the air above the flame, you increased the surface area even more by increasing the air space between the particles. An increase in surface area always makes things happen faster. Granulated sugar dissolves faster than sugar cubes, and a piece of wood burns faster after you chop it into kindling. Pay attention and you will notice other situations where increasing surface area speeds up physical changes and chemical reaction times.
An additional experiment that you can try on your own is burning steel wool. Properly prepared ahead of time, steel wool will spark as it burns up. A great emergency fire starter is a 9V battery and steel wool. Fluff up the steel wool and touch a portion of it across the terminals of the battery. The steel wool will burn just like it did with a match.
Steel wool is just a ball of really long iron filings. If you fluff out the steel wool and light it, it burns easily. If you do try this, do it outside over the lawn or an area of dirt. At some point in the combustion you will want/need to drop the steel wool or get your fingers singed.
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A lot of chemical reactions happen in a solution (it allows the chemicals to interact much more easily with each other when it is), so chemists define how much of the solute is in the solution by the term MOLARITY.
Molarity is a really convenient unit of concentration and it works like this. If I have 10 moles of solute in 10 liters of water, what’s the molarity? 10/10 = 1! So it’s a 1M solution. What if I have 20 moles in 10 liters? Then it’s a 2M solution. See how easy that is?
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Precipitate reactions are like watching a snow globe, but the snow appears out of nowhere.
For example, you can combine two liquid solutions that are totally clear and when you put them together, they each break apart into ions and then recombine in a way that looks like white snow in your test tube. Basically precipitate reactions make it possible to see the ions in a solution because they form a salt that’s not soluble – it doesn‘t dissolve in the solution. You can also get different colors of the precipitate snow, depending on which reactants you start out with. If you were to use potassium bromide (KBr) with silver nitrate, you’d find a yellowish snowstorm of silver bromide (AgBr).
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This experiment is for advanced students. All chemical reactions are equilibrium reactions. This experiment is really cool because you’re going to watch how a chemical reaction resists a pH change.
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Materials:
We had two solutions that were both around 7. When we added an acid to one of them, the pH should have decreased. But why when we added the acid to the baking soda-carbonated soda solution, did it not change at all? That’s because it’s a buffer solution, which resists changes in pH.
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This experiment is for advanced students. Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction that involves breaking a molecular bond using water. In chemistry, there are three different types of hydrolysis: sat hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis, and base hydrolysis. In nature, living organisms survive by making their energy from processing food. The energy converted from food is stored in ATP molecules. To release the energy stored in food, a phosphate group breaks off an ATP molecule (and becomes ADP) using hydrolysis and releases energy from the bonds.
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Materials:
Put simply, hydrolysis is a chemical reaction that happens when a molecule splits into two parts when water is added. One part gains a hydrogen (H+) and the other gets the hydroxyl (OH–) group. The reaction in the experiment forms starch from glucose, and when we add water, it breaks down the amino acid components just like the enzymes do in your stomach when they digest food.
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This experiment is for advanced students. We’re going to look at the strength of redox reactions using copper, zinc, and acids.
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Materials:
We’re going to get zinc to react with different molecules in solution. You’re looking for a reaction that either changes the color of the nail, the solution, or forms tiny bubbles on the surface of the nail.
For the calcium carbonate, you’ll find tiny bubbles up and down the nail. The calcium ions are reduced and zinc ions are oxidized. For the copper sulfate, the nail changed color dramatically!
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