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To review, an electron moving in an electric field would change the potential energy of the electron, and the way it moves through the field determines whether it gains or loses energy. When you turn on a flashlight, the battery supplies energy to move the charge through the battery and makes an electric potential difference so the charge can then have enough energy to move through the wires and light bulb of your flashlight. The battery doesn’t add protons, neutrons, or electrons to the circuit. The electrons that move are already in the wire itself. Charge doesn’t get used up in the circuit, only energy is used up.

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